+
+
+ Lost in Transliteration: Why strlen("Dvořák") Returns 8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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diff --git a/public/talks/devconf-2026/slides.md b/public/talks/devconf-2026/slides.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7dc7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/talks/devconf-2026/slides.md
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+```bash
+$ printf 'Dvořák' | wc -c
+```
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Walk on stage, put terminal on screen, no output yet. Pause 3-4 seconds. Ask: "What do you think this prints?"
+
+- **wc** = word count; **-c** = count bytes (not characters)
+- Dvořák = Czech composer surname, pronounced "DVOR-zhahk"
+
+--
+
+
+
+```bash
+$ printf 'Dvořák' | wc -c
+8
+```
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Reveal the 8. Pause. Dvořák has 6 visible letters — why 8? Don't explain yet.
+
+- wc -c counts bytes, not characters — this is POSIX behavior, not a bug
+
+--
+
+
+
+```bash
+$ printf 'Dvořák' | wc -c
+8
+```
+
+
+
+
+How many people think this is **wrong**?
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Ask the question. Wait 5 seconds. Let hands go up. Do NOT answer yet.
+
+--
+
+
+
+```bash
+$ printf 'Dvořák' | wc -c
+8
+
+$ python3 -c "print(len('Dvořák'))"
+6
+```
+
+
+Note:
+Two different answers for the same string. Let the confusion build.
+
+- Python 3 len() counts Unicode code points, not bytes
+- *Exception:* Python 2 len() counted bytes — this changed in 2→3
+
+--
+
+
+
+```bash
+$ printf '😀' | wc -c
+4
+
+$ python3 -c "print(len('😀'))"
+1
+```
+
+
+Note:
+An emoji: 4 bytes vs 1 character.
+
+- 😀 = U+1F600 "Grinning Face." Needs 4 bytes in UTF-8 (F0 9F 98 80) because it's above the **BMP** (Basic Multilingual Plane, U+0000–U+FFFF)
+- *Exception:* On macOS, `echo` appends a newline — use `printf` to avoid off-by-one
+
+--
+
+
+
+Which one is **correct**?
+
+
+All of them.
+
+
+Understanding why is basically the entire talk.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Pause before "All of them." Then: *"They're counting different things. wc counts bytes. Python counts code points. Both correct."*
+
+**Key thesis:** bytes ≠ characters ≠ code points
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+## Lost in Transliteration
+
+Why `strlen("Dvořák")` Returns **8**
+
+
+
+
+Avinal Kumar · glibc contributor
+
+
+DevConf.CZ 2026
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Brief intro, under 30 seconds:
+*"I'm Avinal. I contribute to glibc — the GNU C Library. I got into character encodings through an iconv bug at the glibc workshop here at DevConf. Today I'll take you through that journey."*
+
+- **glibc** = GNU C Library — the standard C library on most Linux distros
+- **iconv** = POSIX API for converting text between character encodings
+
+---
+
+
+
+### Today we'll answer
+
+1. Why does `strlen("Dvořák")` return 8?
+2. Why does Unicode exist?
+3. How does the C library handle text?
+4. How does `iconv` convert between encodings?
+5. Does any of this still matter in 2026?
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Read out loud. Give the audience a roadmap. Don't linger.
+
+- **strlen** = "string length" — counts bytes before the null terminator, NOT characters
+
+---
+
+
+
+There is no such thing as plain text.
+
+
+
+If you remember one thing from this talk, remember that sentence.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Say this slowly. Pause. *"If you remember one thing, remember that sentence."*
+
+- "Plain text" implies no encoding — but every byte sequence *has* an encoding. If you don't know it, you're guessing. Wrong guess = **mojibake** (文字化け, Japanese for garbled text, pronounced "mo-ji-ba-keh")
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
How we ended up with this mess
+
+### ASCII: The 7-bit world
+
+
+
+
+- 128 characters (0–127)
+- 7 bits per character
+- English letters, digits, punctuation
+- Bit 8 was "spare"
+
+
+
+
+```text
+0x41 = A
+0x61 = a
+0x30 = 0
+0x20 = (space)
+0x0A = (newline)
+```
+
+
+
+
+*"And all was good — if you spoke English."*
+
+
+Note:
+- **ASCII** = American Standard Code for Information Interchange (1963)
+- 7 bits = 128 values. The 8th bit was for parity checking on noisy telegraph lines
+- Only covers English — no accented chars, no Cyrillic, no CJK, no Arabic
+
+---
+
+
+
+
How we ended up with this mess
+
+### Code Pages: Everyone fills bit 8 differently
+
+If I send byte `0xE9` from Paris to Moscow, what character arrives?
+
+
+| Byte | CP-1252 (Western) | CP-866 (Russian) | CP-862 (Hebrew) |
+|------|-------------------|-------------------|------------------|
+| `0xE9` | é | щ | ט |
+| `0xC4` | Ä | ─ | ד |
+| `0xF1` | ñ | ё | ס |
+
+
+
+CJK needed **thousands** — multi-byte encodings (Shift-JIS, EUC-KR, GB2312) where you can't even move backward in a string.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Ask *"If I send byte 0xE9 from Paris to Moscow, what character arrives?"* before revealing the table.
+
+- **CP** = Code Page. CP-1252 = Windows Western. CP-866 = DOS Russian. CP-862 = DOS Hebrew
+- Same byte, different characters — the bytes are correct, the *interpretation* is wrong
+- **CJK** = Chinese, Japanese, Korean
+- **Shift-JIS** = Shift Japanese Industrial Standards. **EUC-KR** = Extended Unix Code for Korean. **GB2312** = Chinese National Standard
+- *Exception:* Multi-byte encodings have a "forward-only" problem — you can't tell if a byte is byte 1 or byte 2 of a character
+
+---
+
+
+
+
How we ended up with this mess
+
+### Unicode: One number per character
+
+```text
+U+0041 = A U+00E9 = é U+010D = č
+U+0639 = ع U+4E16 = 世 U+1F600 = 😀
+```
+
+- Code points are **abstract numbers**, not bytes
+- Not "16-bit characters" — that's the myth
+- 154,998 characters across 168 scripts
+
+Unicode separated the *idea* of a character from how it's stored.
+
+
+Note:
+- **Unicode** = Universal Coded Character Set (1991, Unicode Consortium)
+- Code points are abstract numbers — how you *store* them is a separate question (that's what encodings answer)
+- *Exception:* "Unicode is 16-bit" myth comes from Unicode 1.0 (1991) which only planned 65,536 chars. Unicode 2.0 (1996) expanded beyond 16 bits. Java and Windows adopted UTF-16 before that expansion, and are now stuck with it
+- **BMP** = Basic Multilingual Plane (U+0000–U+FFFF). Characters above it (emoji, rare scripts) are in supplementary planes
+
+---
+
+
+
+
How we ended up with this mess
+
+### Encodings: Serialization formats
+
+
+
+
UTF-8
+
+- 1–4 bytes
+- ASCII-compatible
+- 98% of the web
+
+
+Note:
+- **UTF** = Unicode Transformation Format
+- **UTF-8:** Designed 1992 by Ken Thompson & Rob Pike. ASCII bytes are identical — this is why it won. 98.2% of websites (W3Techs, 2024)
+- **UTF-16:** Uses surrogate pairs above U+FFFF. **BOM** = Byte Order Mark (U+FEFF) — indicates endianness
+- **UTF-32:** Also called **UCS-4** (Universal Coded Character Set, 4-byte). "hello" = 20 bytes instead of 5
+- *Exception:* UTF-32 and UCS-4 are technically from different standards (ISO 10646 vs Unicode), but identical in practice
+
+--
+
+
+
+
+
+There is no such thing as plain text.
+
+
+Note:
+UTF-8 breakdown:
+- D, v, o, k = 1 byte each (ASCII range)
+- ř = C5 99 (2 bytes, U+0159)
+- á = C3 A1 (2 bytes, U+00E1)
+- Total: 4×1 + 2×2 = **8 bytes** for 6 characters
+
+UTF-32: every char = 4 bytes → 6×4 = **24 bytes**. Same string, 3× the size.
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Part 2
+
+## Text in C: What actually happens
+
+Note:
+**Do:** *"Now we understand WHY bytes and characters differ. Let's see how C deals with it."*
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### C has two ways to see a string
+
+
+
+
+#### `char` — bytes
+- 1 byte per element, no encoding info
+- `strlen("Dvořák")` → **8**
+- `strlen("😀")` → **4**
+- Indexing gives you bytes, not characters
+
+
+
+
+#### `wchar_t` — code points
+- 4 bytes on Linux, 2 on Windows
+- `wcslen(L"Dvořák")` → **6**
+- `wcslen(L"😀")` → **1**
+- Indexing gives you characters
+
+
+
+
+
+
+`mbrtowc()` bridges between them. `setlocale()` tells it which encoding to expect.
+
+
+Note:
+- **wchar_t** = "wide character type." Linux: 4 bytes (UCS-4). Windows: 2 bytes (UTF-16)
+- **wcslen** = "wide character string length"
+- **L"..."** prefix = wide string literal
+- **mbrtowc** = "multibyte restartable to wide character" — converts one multibyte char to one wchar_t
+- **setlocale** with LC_CTYPE tells mbrtowc the encoding. Without it → "C" locale = ASCII only
+- *Exception:* On Windows, wcslen(L"😀") returns **2** (surrogate pair), not 1
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### What does "Dvořák" look like in memory?
+
+```text
+ Character: D v o ř á k
+ UTF-8 hex: 44 76 6F C5 99 C3 A1 6B
+ Bytes: 1 1 1 2 2 1 = 8 bytes
+ Code points: 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 6 characters
+```
+
+`strlen` counts the top row. `wcslen` counts the bottom row.
+
+
+Now you know why `strlen("Dvořák")` returns 8.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Point at the diagram: *"strlen counts bytes: 1+1+1+2+2+1 = 8. wcslen counts characters: always 1 each = 6. Both correct."*
+
+This is the answer to the opening mystery.
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### `iconv` — converting between encodings
+
+```bash
+$ echo 'Dvořák' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII
+iconv: illegal input sequence at position 3
+```
+
+
+Note:
+- **iconv** = both a C API (iconv_open/iconv/iconv_close in ``) and a CLI tool
+- **-f** = from, **-t** = to
+- Position 3 = 4th byte (0-indexed) = where ř starts. ASCII only has 0–127; C5 = 197 → fails
+- **EILSEQ** = "illegal sequence" errno value
+
+--
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### `iconv` — converting between encodings
+
+```bash
+$ echo 'Dvořák' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII
+iconv: illegal input sequence at position 3
+
+$ echo 'Dvořák' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT
+Dvorak
+
+$ echo 'Dvořák' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//IGNORE
+Dvok
+```
+
+
+- **`//TRANSLIT`** — approximate: ř→r, á→a
+- **`//IGNORE`** — drop what doesn't fit
+
+Note:
+- **//TRANSLIT** = transliteration. Appended to target encoding. Finds closest match: ř→r, á→a, ö→o, ñ→n
+- **//IGNORE** = silently drop unconvertible chars. Notice "Dvok" — both ř AND á dropped
+- *Exception:* //TRANSLIT is glibc-specific, not POSIX. musl libc (Alpine Linux) doesn't support it
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### Real encoding pairs from across the world
+
+```bash
+$ echo '東京' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t SHIFT_JIS | hexdump -C
+00000000 93 8c 8b 9e 0a |.....|
+
+$ echo 'こんにちは世界' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t EUC-JP | hexdump -C
+00000000 a4 b3 a4 f3 a4 cb a4 c1 a4 cf c0 a4 b3 a6 0a |...............|
+
+$ echo 'Ελληνικά κείμενο' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-7 | hexdump -C
+00000000 c5 eb eb e7 ed e9 ea dc 20 ea e5 df ec e5 ed ef |........ .......|
+```
+
+Same characters, completely different bytes — depending on the encoding.
+
+
+Note:
+- 東京 = Tōkyō (Tokyo)
+- こんにちは世界 = "Konnichiwa Sekai" = "Hello World"
+- Ελληνικά κείμενο = "Elliniká keímeno" = "Greek text"
+- **hexdump -C** = canonical hex+ASCII dump. Non-ASCII shows as dots
+- Same text in Shift-JIS vs EUC-JP → completely different bytes. Without knowing the encoding, unreadable
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### When conversion fails
+
+```bash
+$ echo 'مرحبا' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1
+iconv: illegal input sequence at position 0
+
+$ echo 'Résumé' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP866
+iconv: illegal input sequence at position 1
+
+$ echo -ne '\xEF\xBB\xBFhello' | hexdump -C
+00000000 ef bb bf 68 65 6c 6c 6f |...hello|
+
+$ echo -ne '\xEF\xBB\xBFhello' | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT
+hello
+```
+
+- Arabic → Latin-1: impossible — the encoding can't hold it
+- French Résumé → Russian CP866: `é` doesn't exist in that code page
+- BOM: 3 invisible bytes at the start — your first "character" is garbage
+
+Note:
+- مرحبا = "marhaba" = "hello" in Arabic
+- **ISO-8859-1** = Latin-1. Zero Arabic chars → fails at position 0
+- **CP866** = DOS Cyrillic. é doesn't map → fails at position 1 (R is fine, é isn't)
+- **BOM** = Byte Order Mark (U+FEFF, encoded EF BB BF in UTF-8). Windows Notepad adds it. Breaks JSON parsers, shell shebangs, and string comparisons
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### Longer text, bigger difference
+
+```bash
+$ printf 'Příliš žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy' | wc -c
+53
+
+$ python3 -c "print(len('Příliš žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy'))"
+38
+
+$ echo 'Příliš žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy' \
+ | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT
+Prilis zlutoucky kun upel dabelske ody
+```
+
+A Czech pangram: **38 characters**, **53 bytes** — a 40% difference.
+
+
+`//TRANSLIT` strips all diacritics and produces valid ASCII.
+
+
+Note:
+- **Translation:** "Too yellow a horse groaned devilish odes" — a Czech pangram (like "The quick brown fox" but for testing diacritics)
+- 15 extra bytes from accented characters: each adds 1 byte in UTF-8
+- Czech diacritics: **háček** (ˇ) = caron (ř, š, č, ž, ň, ď, ť, ě), **čárka** (´) = acute (á, é, í, ó, ú), **kroužek** (°) = ring (ů)
+- **Do:** DevConf is in Brno — the audience will recognize this pangram
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Text in C
+
+### How many encodings?
+
+```bash
+$ iconv -l | wc -l
+1180
+
+$ find /usr/lib64/gconv -name '*.so' | wc -l
+253
+```
+
+**1180** encoding names served by **253** shared libraries.
+
+
+How does glibc manage this without writing thousands of converters?
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** LIVE DEMO if possible.
+
+- **iconv -l** = list all encodings. 1180 includes aliases (SHIFT-JIS, SJIS, MS_KANJI = same encoding)
+- **/usr/lib64/gconv/** = where glibc stores converter .so files (Fedora/RHEL). Debian: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/
+- **.so** = shared object (dynamically loaded library)
+- 1180 names, 253 plugins — far fewer than the 39,800 needed for N×N
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Part 3
+
+## Inside glibc's iconv
+
+Note:
+**Do:** *"We've seen what iconv does from the outside. Now let's look under the hood."*
+
+- **gconv** = glibc's internal conversion framework ("g" = GNU, "conv" = conversion)
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Inside glibc
+
+### The naive approach: N×N converters
+
+Suppose I support 200 encodings. How many converters do I need?
+
+
+```text
+Shift-JIS → UTF-8 UTF-8 → Shift-JIS
+Shift-JIS → EUC-KR EUC-KR → Shift-JIS
+UTF-8 → EUC-KR EUC-KR → UTF-8
+...
+```
+
+
+5 encodings = 20 converters. 200 encodings?
+
+
+200 × 199 = 39,800 converters. That's not going to work.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Ask *"How many converters do I need?"* before revealing. Let them guess.
+
+- Formula: N × (N-1) for directed pairs
+- Nobody will write 39,800 converters
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Inside glibc
+
+### The smart approach: one universal pivot
+
+What if every encoding just learned to convert to **one common format**?
+
+
+```text
+Shift-JIS → ??? → UTF-8
+```
+
+
+Note:
+Hub-and-spoke architecture — same principle as airline routing through hub airports.
+
+--
+
+
+
+
Inside glibc
+
+### The smart approach: one universal pivot
+
+glibc's gconv framework uses an internal **UCS-4 based representation** as the pivot.
+
+```text
+Shift-JIS → UCS-4 → UTF-8
+```
+
+
+Now you need just **2 converters per encoding** (to UCS-4 and from UCS-4).
+
+
+200 encodings × 2 = 400 converters instead of 39,800.
+
+
+Note:
+- **UCS-4** = Universal Coded Character Set, 4-byte form (ISO 10646). Essentially UTF-32
+- glibc calls it **INTERNAL** in gconv-modules config
+- 2 converters per encoding → 400 total. 99% reduction
+- *Exception:* glibc says "UCS-4 *based*" — the internal representation has nuances around stateful encodings
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Inside glibc
+
+### The lookup table: `gconv-modules`
+
+
# iconvdata/gconv-modules
+# from to module cost
+module ISO-8859-1// INTERNAL ISO8859-1 1
+module INTERNAL ISO-8859-1// ISO8859-1 1
+
+`INTERNAL` = the UCS-4 pivot
+
+
+Each line maps an encoding to a `.so` plugin. `iconv_open` reads this file, loads the right plugins, and chains them.
+
+
+Note:
+These are actual files from the glibc source tree.
+
+- Format: `module FROM// TO MODULE_NAME COST`
+- **INTERNAL** = glibc's name for UCS-4
+- **Cost** = routing weight when multiple paths exist (lower = preferred)
+- Each encoding has exactly 2 lines — one each direction. Hub-and-spoke in practice
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Inside glibc
+
+### The conversion pipeline
+
+
+
+flowchart TB
+ A["Shift-JIS bytes"] --> B["SJIS.so\n(gconv module)"]
+ B --> C["UCS-4\n(internal pivot)"]
+ C --> D["UTF-8 converter\n(built-in)"]
+ D --> E["UTF-8 bytes"]
+ style C fill:#0f62fe,stroke:#78a9ff,color:#fff
+ style B fill:#393939,stroke:#78a9ff,color:#c6c6c6
+ style D fill:#393939,stroke:#78a9ff,color:#c6c6c6
+ style A fill:#262626,stroke:#525252,color:#f1c21b
+ style E fill:#262626,stroke:#525252,color:#42be65
+
+
+
+Adding a new encoding = writing **one** `.so` plugin.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** THIS IS THE MONEY SLIDE. Spend time here. Point at each box:
+1. *"Shift-JIS bytes come in"*
+2. *"SJIS.so converts to UCS-4"*
+3. *"UTF-8 converter turns UCS-4 into UTF-8"*
+4. *"UTF-8 bytes come out"*
+
+Adding a new encoding = one .so that converts to/from UCS-4. People will photograph this.
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Inside glibc
+
+### The iconv flow
+
+
+
+sequenceDiagram
+ participant App as Your Code
+ participant glibc as glibc internals
+ App->>glibc: iconv_open("UTF-8", "SJIS")
+ Note right of glibc: look up gconv-modules
+ Note right of glibc: load SJIS.so + UTF-8
+ Note right of glibc: build step chain
+ glibc-->>App: return descriptor
+ App->>glibc: iconv(cd, &in, ...)
+ Note right of glibc: step[0]: SJIS → UCS-4
+ Note right of glibc: step[1]: UCS-4 → UTF-8
+ glibc-->>App: advance pointers
+ App->>glibc: iconv_close(cd)
+ Note right of glibc: free chain, unload modules
+
+
+
+Three calls. That's the entire API.
+
+
+Note:
+The API in three calls:
+1. **iconv_open** → returns descriptor (pointer to gconv_info struct with step chain)
+2. **iconv** → walks the chain. Both in/out pointers advance. Errors: **EILSEQ** (illegal sequence), **E2BIG** (output buffer full — flush and retry, not a real error), **EINVAL** (incomplete sequence)
+3. **iconv_close** → free chain, unload modules
+
+- *Highlight:* E2BIG is the #1 mistake — people call iconv once and assume it's done
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Part 4
+
+## Does this still matter?
+
+Note:
+**Do:** *"Modern languages have Unicode strings by default. So why should anyone care about iconv in 2026?"*
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Relevance today
+
+### How modern languages handle encoding
+
+| Language | Strings are... | Encoding conversion |
+|----------|----------------|---------------------|
+| **Python 3** | Unicode internally | Built-in codecs |
+| **Go** | UTF-8 by definition | `golang.org/x/text` |
+| **Rust** | Always valid UTF-8 | `encoding_rs` crate |
+| **Java** | UTF-16 internally | `java.nio.charset` |
+| **C/C++** | Just bytes — no encoding | **`iconv`** |
+
+Modern languages solved this by making strings Unicode-native. C didn't — and can't, because it would break 50 years of code.
+
+
+Note:
+- C can't change because `char = 1 byte` is baked into the language spec and **ABI** (Application Binary Interface)
+- Even modern languages need encoding conversion at **I/O boundaries** — files, sockets, C library calls via **FFI** (Foreign Function Interface)
+- Python's codecs, Go's x/text, Rust's encoding_rs all exist because the outside world isn't always UTF-8
+
+---
+
+
+
+
Relevance today
+
+### Encoding bugs are alive and well
+
+
+
+
+#### The Turkish İ problem
+
+| Locale | `toupper('i')` |
+|--------|----------------|
+| en_US | I |
+| tr_TR | İ (dotted!) |
+
+Tests pass in English, break in Turkish.
+
+
+
+
+#### `//IGNORE` inconsistency
+
+```bash
+$ echo 'héllo' | iconv \
+ -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//IGNORE
+```
+
+Some modules skip the bad byte. Some stop with an error.
+**Same flag, different behavior.**
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Every time a language reads a file, parses a socket, or calls a C library — encoding conversion still happens. These bugs still bite.
+
+
+Note:
+**Turkish İ:**
+- Turkish has 4 i's: i, İ, ı, I. toupper('i') → İ (U+0130), not I
+- Any case-insensitive comparison using toupper/tolower is locale-dependent
+
+**//IGNORE:**
+- Behavior depends on *which* gconv module runs — inconsistent across encodings
+- This is a real unfixed glibc bug. This is what got me into the codebase
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+### glibc Development Workshop — Third Edition
+
+Led by **Arjun Shankar** (Red Hat, glibc developer)
+
+Tomorrow, Friday June 19 · 10:15 AM · Room A218
+
+Pick a bug, get a cheat sheet, ship a patch.
+
+6 patches in 2024 · 15+ in 2025 · **yours in 2026?**
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Tell the personal story:
+*"Two years ago I walked into this workshop at DevConf. Arjun gave me a small iconv task. I got curious, fell down the rabbit hole, and that became this talk. That one task turned into 14 patches in glibc."*
+
+- **Arjun Shankar** = Red Hat engineer, glibc developer. Runs this workshop yearly at DevConf.CZ
+- Format: show up, get a cheat sheet with a small bug + pointers, experienced contributors help you submit
+- Room A218, capacity 20. First come, first served
+- *"If anything in this talk made you curious, room A218 tomorrow morning."*
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+### Questions? · Resources
+
+- **Joel Spolsky** — "The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Must Know About Unicode"
+- **GNU C Library Manual** — "Character Set Handling" chapter
+- **unicode.org** — the specification
+
+avinal.space · @avinal
+
+Attendance at DevConf.CZ 2026 was supported by the **[GNU Toolchain Fund](https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=57)**, a part of the FSF's Working Together for Free Software Fund.
+
+
+Note:
+**Do:** Leave this up during Q&A.
+
+- Joel Spolsky's article (2003) — the classic intro, entertaining
+- glibc manual — authoritative API reference (sourceware.org/glibc/manual)
+- **GNU Toolchain Fund** = part of the **FSF's** (Free Software Foundation) "Working Together for Free Software" fund