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---
category: development
date: 2021-05-24T23:56:00
description: CMake stands for Cross-platform Make. Normally, a build tool like Make
will parse a configuration file (Makefile) that contains all the commands required
to build an artifact based on the source files and other resources inside the project.
image: /images/cmake-office.webp
slug: cmake-basics
tags:
- cmake
- gsoc
- fossology
- gsoc21
title: Hello CMake
---
CMake stands for Cross-platform Make. Normally, a build tool like Make
will parse a configuration file (Makefile) that contains all the
commands required to build an artifact based on the source files and
other resources inside the project.
I proposed a new architecture for FOSSology that uses CMake instead of
bare-metal Make as a Google Summer of Code 2021 project. Although these
tutorials will be useful for anyone interested in learning CMake they
are specifically tailored to the FOSSology project. This is the first
blog on CMake in this series. In this blog, I will discuss CMake syntax
and various features.
## What is CMake?
![You CMake me happy:left](/images/cmake-happy.webp)
CMake stands for Cross-platform Make. Normally, a build tool like Make
will parse a configuration file (Makefile) that contains all the
commands required to build an artifact based on the source files and
other resources inside the project. On the other hand, CMake will also
parse a configuration file (CMakeLists.txt), but instead of directly
build the artifact, it’ll generate another configuration file that will
build the artifact.
This approach is very common in Computer Science and is called *adding
another level of indirection*. In short, you may say that:
With just one configuration file you’ll be able to generate different configuration files to build your project for different platforms (Make, Visual Studio, etc).
Another nice CMake feature is the so-called out-of-source build. Any
file required for the final build, executables included, will be stored
in a separated build directory (usually called build/). This prevents
cluttering up the source directory and makes it easy to start over
again: just remove the build directory and you are done.
## CMake Syntax
![Compiling:right](https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/compiling.png)
CMake unlike Make is a configuration language itself. CMake supplies a
rich library of inherent functions as well as common programming
language features like conditions, looping, macros, and functions. In
addition to that CMake is highly modular and you can always write a
CMake module yourself independent of any project. Specifically for C/C++
programming, it supplies commands to find and link libraries
automatically and lot many features.
### Language Rules
As mentioned above CMake is a language itself hence there are some
language rules related to syntax, comments, variables, etc.
- There are two types of comment in CMake, both start with `#`
character. The first one is line comments, as clear by name it is
delimited by a newline. The other one is bracket comment and can
span until the matching brackets are found.
```cmake
# This is a line comment and it ends with the line.
#[[This is a bracket comment and it can span up to multiple lines.
But it is only supported in CMake 3.0 or later.]]
```
- Variables in CMake are like any other programming language. They are
case-sensitive and have any alphanumeric characters. In general, it
is recommended using upper case names as variables. They can be
assigned and unassigned using `set` and `unset` commands. A variable
can be referenced using `${VARIABLE_NAME}`.
> CMake reserves some types of identifers:
>
> - begin with **CMAKE_**(upper-, lower-, or mixed-case)
> - begin with ***CMAKE***(upper-, lower-, or mixed-case)
> - begin with **_** followed by the name of any CMake Command
- The CMake commands are case insensitive in the latest version (3.0)
of CMake. That means `message()`, `Message()` or `MESSAGE()` are all
same.
### Basic CMake Commands
- The `project()` command is used to set the name of the CMake project
and optionally a language that is used by the project. Every
top-level CMake configuration must have this option set. The syntax
is as below:
```cmake
project (projectname [CXX] [C] [Java] [NONE])
```
If no language is specified then CMake defaults to supporting C/C++.
If `NONE` is specified then no language support is enabled.
- The `set()` command is used to set a variable to a value or lists of
values. It is one of the most used CMake commands. The accompanying
command is `unset()`. The `unset()` command is used to unset a
variable or remove a variable from the current scope. The syntax for
the three commands are:
```cmake
set (BLOG_TITLE "CMake Introduction") # assign single value
set (BLOG_TAGS "gsoc" "cmake" "fossology" "gsoc21") # assign a list of values
unset (BLOG_TITLE) # unset BLOG_TITLE
```
- The `message()` command can be used to display formatted messages
with different alert modes. There are many
[modes](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.20/command/message.html#general-messages)
of displaying messages. The syntax is :
```cmake
message ([<mode>] "message text" ...)
message(NOTICE "Hey this is ${BLOG_TITLE}") # Example message with variable
```
- The `cmake_minimum_required()` is used to set the minimum CMake
version to use to generate the build files. If any older version is
used than specified then the user gets an error message. It must be
specified at the top of the *CMakeLists.txt* file.
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
```
- The commands `add_executable()` and `add_library()` specifies what
executables and libraries to build and what source files must be
used to build them. One of the two commands must be used for any
binary generation.
```cmake
add_executable(<name> [WIN32] [MACOSX_BUNDLE]
[EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
[source1] [source2 ...])
add_library(<name> [STATIC | SHARED | MODULE]
[EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
[<source>...])
```
### Flow Control
CMake provides three flow control structures. They are conditional
statements (`if`), looping constructs (`foreach` and `while`) and
procedure definitions (`function` and `macro`). I will explain each of
them one by one.
- **Conditional Statements** The `if` command in CMake is just like
the `if` command in any other language. It evaluates its expression
and based on that either executes the code in its body or optionally
the code in the `else` clause.
```cmake
if (FOO)
# do something here
elseif (BAR)
if (NESTED_BAR)
# do something nested here
endif(NESTED_BAR)
# do something else
else ()
# do something here
endif (FOO)
```
You can use many operators to form complex conditions. Available
options are **NOT**, **AND**, **OR**, **COMMAND**, **DEFINED**,
**EXISTS**, **IS_DIRECTORY**, **IS_ABSOLUTE**, **MATCHES**,
**IS_NEWER_THAN**, and operators for numerical comparisons
**EQUAL**, **LESS**, **GREATER**, **STRLESS**, **STREQUAL**,
**STRGREATER**.
- **Looping Constructs** The `foreach` command enables you to execute
a group of CMake commands repeatedly on the members of a list.The
first argument of the foreach command is the name of the variable
that will take on a different value with each iteration of the loop.
The remaining arguments are the list of values over which to loop.
```cmake
foreach(<loop_var> <items>)
<commands>
endforeach()
```
The `while` command provides for looping based on a test condition.
The format for the test expression in the `while` command is the
same as that for the `if` command described earlier.
```cmake
while(<condition>)
<commands>
endwhile()
```
It is worth mentioning that foreach loops can be nested and that the
loop variable is replaced prior to any other variable expansion.
This means that in the body of a foreach loop you can construct
variable names using the loop variable.
- **Procedure Definitions** A function in CMake is very much like a
function in C or C++. You can pass arguments into it, and the
arguments passed in become variables within the function. The first
argument is the name of the function to define. All additional
arguments are formal parameters to the function.
```cmake
function(<name> [<arg1> ...])
# write the function body here
<commands>
endfunction()
```
Macros are defined and called in the same manner as functions. The
main differences are that a macro does not push and pop a new
variable scope, and the arguments to a macro are not treated as
variables but are string replaced prior to execution. This is very
much like the differences between a macro and a function in C or
C++. The first argument is the name of the macro to create. All
additional arguments are formal parameters to the macro.
```cmake
macro(<name> [<arg1> ...])
# write macro definition here
<commands>
endmacro()
```
## A Hello CMake example
This example compiles a simple *hello_cmake* program. This example and
the terminal commands are used in Linux context, however there is very
little difference in different platforms. Make sure to [install
CMake](https://cmake.org/install/) for your platform.
- Create a folder and create a file named `hello_cmake.cpp` in that.
You may add your own code. Here is my example code.
```cpp
#include<iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello CMake\n";
return 0;
}
```
- Create another file named `CMakeLists.txt` and add the following
script in that file.
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
# set project name
project(hello_cmake)
# print compiler info
message("The compiler is ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}")
# add executable
add_executable(Hello_cmake hello_cmake.cpp)
```
- Create another directory `build` and run the following commands.
```bash
# create folder and change directory
mkdir build && cd build
# run cmake config
cmake ..
# build project
cmake --build .
```
You will be able to see a `Hello_cmake` binary in the *build* folder.
Hooray you have successfully built a project using CMake. For more [read
here](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.20/guide/tutorial/index.html). In
the next blog I will explain how to create CMake configuration for a
more complex project.
Thanks!
## References and Credits
- [CMake Website](https://cmake.org)
- [CMake
Documentation](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/index.html)
- [Mastering CMake Book](https://www.kitware.com/what-we-offer/#books)
- [CMake
Tutorial](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.20/guide/tutorial/index.html)
- [You (C)Make Me
Happy](https://prateekvjoshi.com/2014/02/01/cmake-vs-make/)
- [Compiling xkcd.com](https://xkcd.com/303/)
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---
category: development
date: 2022-02-25T20:47:00
description: I made it to the Red Hat as a DevTools intern. This post is about onboarding
and how I prepared myself for working on the actual project.
image: /images/fedora-wall.webp
tags:
- kubernetes
- redhat
- docker
- golang
- tekton
- openshift
- intern
title: My internship at Red Hat
---
I have been contributing to open source for the last 3 years and Red Hat
was one of the companies that I was very fond of. I must say all my
contributions and consistency paid off, and I made it to the Red Hat as
a DevTools intern. This post is about onboarding and how I prepared
myself for working on the actual project.
On the first day of my internship, I met two amazing teammates
[Saytam](https://github.com/) and [Utkarsh](https://github.com/). We
were also introduced to a Senior Software Engineer [Piyush
Garg](https://github.com) who later mentored us. The initial few
meetings were more on the introduction and what to learn topics. Before
I jump into more details let me explain first what does a **DevTools
Developer/Engineer** do?
## What does a DevTools Developer/Engineer do?
From [MDN Web
Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Developer_Tools)
**Developer tools (or "development tools" or short "DevTools") are
programs that allow a developer to create, test, and debug software.**
At RedHat, a lot of open source developer tools of industry standards
are developed. There are many, OpenShift, Tekton, CodeReady containers,
and many more.
## Learning on the Go
There was a lot of learning and still a lot to learn. In a meeting with
my manager [^1] Pradeepto Bhattacharya, I was told that I will be working on
TektonCD or OpenShift Pipelines, and both of them require a sound
knowledge of Golang, CI/CD, Containers, Docker, and Kubernetes. I was
familiar with CI/CD, containers, and Docker but never used Golang and
Kubernetes. We were provided plenty of good resources and my teammates
also helped with many awesome resources. I am listing all the resources
with their category.
### Go Programming Language
One of Golang's biggest advantages is that it offers the clarity and
ease of use that other languages lack. Golang's advantages make it easy
for new programmers to quickly understand the language and for seasoned
veterans to easily read each other's code.
- [Official Go Documentation](https://go.dev/doc/) - *Start from here*
- [Go by Example](https://gobyexample.com/) - *bite-size examples for
most of the golang features*
- [Golang tutorial series -
GOLANGBOT.COM](https://golangbot.com/learn-golang-series/) - *in-depth
tutorial of golang*
- [Effective Go](https://go.dev/doc/effective_go) - *writing good golang
programs*
- [The Go Playground](https://go.dev/play/) - *official online golang
ide*
- [The Go Programming Language - Book](https://www.gopl.io/) *for
learning advanced level golang*
- [Golang Tutorial for Beginners | Full Go Course - TechWorld with
Nana](https://youtu.be/yyUHQIec83I) *if you prefer video tutorials, I
don't :)*
### Docker
Docker takes away repetitive, mundane configuration tasks and is used
throughout the development lifecycle for fast, easy, and portable
application development - desktop and cloud. Docker's comprehensive
end-to-end platform includes UIs, CLIs, APIs, and security that are
engineered to work together across the entire application delivery
lifecycle.
![The Docker Architecture](/images/docker-architecture.webp)
- [Docker and Containers -
Katacoda](https://www.katacoda.com/courses/docker) *interactive
lessons on docker and containers*
- [Docker for beginners](https://docker-curriculum.com/)
- [Docker Tutorial for Beginners | TechWorld with
Nana](https://youtu.be/3c-iBn73dDE) *video tutorial*
### Kubernetes
![Kubernetes tech:left](/images/kubernetes-meme.webp)
**Kubernetes** is the Greek word for a ship's captain. We get the words
Cybernetic and Gubernatorial from it. The Kubernetes project focuses on
building a robust platform for running thousands of containers in
production.
- [Learn Kubernetes -
Katacoda](https://www.katacoda.com/courses/kubernetes) *interactive
lessons with kubernetes*
- [kube by example](https://kubebyexample.com/) *learn by doing*
- [Kubernetes Tutorial for Beginners](https://youtu.be/X48VuDVv0do)
*video tutorial*
## *Not so Minimal* Tekton Server
In late January, we were asked to implement our learnings and deep dive
into Kubernetes and TektonCD through an assignment project. Soon we
realized that whatever we were learning so far was not even close to
what we were going to implement. We were given a document containing the
requirements of the applications we were supposed to create along with
all the documentation and architectural diagrams.
The application was called **Minimal Tekton Server**. It is a set of
three different applications, i.e a server, a CLI, and a dashboard. In
short, this application is supposed to *listen to custom resources being
created and then transfer the request to Tekton API to create the
corresponding resource on the OpenShift/Kubernetes cluster.*
So are you interested in how it went? Please follow up with my [next
blog](https://avinal.space/posts/development/lovely-dangerous-things-redhat).
[^1]: [MDN Web
Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Developer_Tools)
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---
category: development
date: 2022-02-27T20:47:00
description: This blog is a descreptive account of the development of Minimal Tekton
Server. This is highly technical in nature, so please make sure that you have sufficient
knowledge about Golang, Docker, Kubernetes and TektonCD. You can refer to my [previous
blog]("https://avinal.space/posts/development/i-am-loving-it-redhat.html") to know
about these topics.
image: /images/development.webp
modified: 2022-03-07T22:47:00
tags:
- tekton
- go
- kubernetes
- openshift
- redhat
- intern
- golang
- openshift-pipelines
title: Developing Minimal Tekton Server
---
This blog is a descreptive account of the development of Minimal Tekton Server.
This is highly technical in nature, so please make sure that you have sufficient
knowledge about Golang, Docker, Kubernetes and TektonCD. You can refer to my
[previous blog]("https://avinal.space/posts/development/i-am-loving-it-redhat.html")
to know about these topics.
As mentioned in my last blog, we were given to implement an application
named **Minimal Tekton Server**. The problem statement reads:
> We will be designing and implementing an application that will be
> talking to Tekton APIs to create resources on a Kubernetes/OpenShift
> Cluster. The application will expose some fields of the Tekton
> Resources which the user will provide and then this application will
> create Tekton resources by talking to Tekton APIs available on the
> cluster to create the resources based on the user-provided fields.
There are three parts in this project for the application and two more
parts for the CI/CD using TektonCD and Kubernetes/OpenShift. I will go
through each part descriptively and try to explain what we did.
## The Architecture of MKS
The first task in the development of the Minimal Tekton Server was
creating its architectural diagram. Our first diagram was trash compared
to the final diagram. Yeah, we learned. I will be explaining our
final(obviously) architectural diagram and try to make some sense out of
band-aids and duct tapes.
![The MKS Architecture](/images/mks-architecture.webp)
Let me start with explaining **What are MKS Resources?**. I hope you
know at least tidbits about Kubernetes and by the definition: *A
resource is an endpoint in the Kubernetes API that stores a collection
of API objects of a certain kind; for example, the built-in
`pods` resource contains a collection of Pod objects.* But
developers soon realized that these in-built resources were not enough
for the ever-growing applications of Kubernetes. Here [custom
resource](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/)
comes into the picture. *A custom resource is an extension of the
Kubernetes API that is not necessarily available in a default Kubernetes
installation.* To define a custom resource we use something called
[Custom Resource
Definition](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/).
So MKS Resources are such custom resources that correspond to the
TektonCD custom resources.
![A venus flytrap engulphing an insect.:right](/images/venus-flytrap.gif)
Let us now focus on the box containing `Controller` and `API server`.
The controller can be said as a stimulus-response mechanism. Take the
analogy of a Venus Flytrap plant. The trap is initially open. There are
`trigger` hairs on the inside of the trap. Once an insect is detected,
there is a change of state and the trap closes in a blick on the eye.
The controller works the same way. It listens for the change in the
state of the MKS resources and immediately transfers the request to the
Tekton API to reflect the change in the corresponding Tekton resources.
The changes can be creation, deletion, or updating. The API server
ensures that there is a working connection between our controller and
the Tekton API.
MKS Server also exposes APIs to introduce a change of state in the MKS
resources. In technical terms these are called `verbs`. There are five
such verbs that we have exposed: `create`, `update`, `get`, `delete`,
and `list`. They can be utilized by a REST client, or in our case **MKS
CLI** to introduce desired change. The MKS command-line interface
provides commands and subcommands to do the desired tasks.
Whenever there is a change in the state, there is a logic running inside
the controller to react on that and that also affects our database. We
store four datapoints in our database: `created`, `deleted`,
`completed`, and `failed`. They tell us about the current statistcs of
our MKS resource using a single-page web app called **MKS Dashboard**
(or UI).
This was about the architecture of the Minimal Tekton Server. Let us
jump into more technical stuff.
## How to implement a CRD controller?
During this assignment, something that took the most time and effort was
the implementation of a controller for our custom resources. This isn't
very hard if you go by the rules and do the things according to the
well-defined documents and blogs since this is a standard step in the
implementation of any custom resource controller. But did we follow the
rules? Hell no! But this time, let us go step-by-step.
1. The first step is to define a `CustomResourceDefinition` for our custom
resource. Let us define a CRD called `spacetime`. To do this you can write a
YAML file like below.
```yaml
# file: spacetime-crd.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
# name must match the spec fields below, and be in the form: <plural>.<group>
name: spacetimes.example.com
spec:
# group name to use for REST API: /apis/<group>/<version>
group: example.com
# list of versions supported by this CustomResourceDefinition
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
# Each version can be enabled/disabled by Served flag.
served: true
# One and only one version must be marked as the storage version.
storage: true
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
type: object
properties:
spec:
type: object
properties:
message:
type: string
# either Namespaced or Cluster
scope: Namespaced
names:
# plural name to be used in the URL: /apis/<group>/<version>/<plural>
plural: spacetimes
# singular name to be used as an alias on the CLI and for display
singular: spacetime
# kind is normally the CamelCased singular type. Your resource manifests use this.
kind: SpaceTime
# shortNames allow shorter string to match your resource on the CLI
shortNames:
- st
```
You can learn more about the fields and options
[here](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/).
The CRD that we defined above corresponds to the `CustomResource` given
below. Once you apply the above file you will be able to see the
`spacetime` custom resource on your Kubernetes/OpenShift cluster.
```yaml
# file: spacetime-cr.yaml
apiVersion: spacetimes.example.com/v1alpha1
kind: SpaceTime
metadata:
name: spacetime-cr
spec:
message: "Hello from space!"
```
Apply them using the following commands:
```bash
kubectl apply -f spacetime-crd.yaml
kubectl apply -f spacetime-cr.yaml
```
1. Once we have defined our custom resources, we need to define the
types that will correspond to this custom resource definition. This
can be done using `k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1` package
written in golang. Did I tell you that this is all in golang? Well,
now you know. Create a package structure for a golang project and
add the definition of the type as given below.
```bash
mkdir -p pkg/api/spacetime/v1alpha1
touch pkg/api/spacetime/v1alpha1/{spacetime_types,register,doc}.go pkg/api/spacetime/register.go
```
Add the following content to the corresponding files.
```go
// file: /pkg/api/spacetime/v1alpha1/spacetime_types.go
package v1alpha1
import (
metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
)
type SpaceTime struct {
metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
Spec SpaceTimeSpec `json:"spec"`
}
type SpaceTimeSpec struct {
Message string `json:"message"`
}
type SpaceTimeList struct {
metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
metav1.ListMeta `json:"metadata"`
Items []SpaceTime `json:"items"`
}
```
### Attribution
- Photo by [Luca Bravo](https://unsplash.com/@lucabravo?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/XJXWbfSo2f0?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText).
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---
category: development
date: 2021-02-02T21:47:00
description: If you use WakaTime to track your coding activity. You can add that to
your README as a bar graph or embed it in your blog/portfolio. Just add this action
to any of your repositories and there you have it.
image: /images/waka.webp
tags:
- wakatime
- github-action
- coding
title: How I implemented WakaTime embeddable Coding Graph GHA?
---
If you use WakaTime to track your coding activity. You can add that to
your README as a bar graph or embed it in your blog/portfolio. Just add this
action to any of your repositories and there you have it.
## Implementation Details
This GitHub Action is divided into three parts. I didn't want to use
Docker but it seems it doesn't work well without it. Let dive a little
into technical details. Three parts are as below.
1. [main.py](https://github.com/avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime/blob/master/main.py)
python script. This script contains many procedures.
- [Getting JSON data file via WakaTime
API](https://github.com/avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime/blob/master/main.py#L52)
```python
def get_stats() -> list:
...
return data_list
```
This function parses the JSON file received and scraps out the useful
data as a list of lists. Data scraped are language list, time spent on
each language, percentage of the time, start date, and end date. For
this action, I have limited the number of languages to 5 however it
should be very easy to increase that number.
- [Setting the
Timeline](https://github.com/avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime/blob/master/main.py#L13)
```python
def this_week(dates: list) -> str:
...
return f"Coding Activity During: {week_start.strftime('%d %B, %Y')} to {week_end.strftime('%d %B, %Y')}"
```
The start date and end date scraped in the last function are used here
to set the timeline. Because date in JSON is provided in UTC as below
:
```json
date: "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ"
```
I striped it to simple dates only. We can set them manually by taking
the current time from the system. But that method is flawed. But this
method ensures that JSON was received latest and the request was
successful. Any anomaly will point to a failure in request.
- [Creating a bar
graph](https://github.com/avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime/blob/master/main.py#L21)
```python
def make_graph(data: list):
...
savefig(...)
```
Lastly, it is time to generate the graph and save them as an image.
This function uses the data scraped in the first step. Creating a bar
graph using matplotlib is easy.
Decorating was a bit difficult. I wanted this graph to merge with
GitHub's look so I chose to color the bar as GitHub colors the
languages. That data is stored as colors.json. Many of the languages have
slightly different spelling in GitHub as compared to WakaTime. So some
languages are shown in default color. That can be improved if we
notice that language and change its color manually. Lastly, the graph
is saved both as SVG and PNG. SVGs are better to put on a responsive
page.
2. [entrypoint.py](https://github.com/avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime/blob/master/entrypoint.sh)
shell script. This shell script clones the repository copies the
image and pushes changes to the master. There were several problems.
First of all authentication. This was solved by using a remote
repository address using GitHub Token. And it seems that GitHub
doesn't allow to commit without a username and email. So I used
**github-actions** bot email.
```bash
remote_repo-"https://${GITHUB_ACTOR}:${INPUT_GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git"
git config user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
git config user.name "GitHub Actions"
```
`41898282` is the id assigned to the github-actions bot. Don't ask
where I found them 🙂.
Another problem was to separate repository name from combined
*username/repository-name* provided by `${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}`. GitHub doesn't
provides a direct way to get just the repo name. We used *Internal
Field Separator*. It returns an array and works similar to `split()`
command in Python and Java.
```bash
# '/' is the seperator
IFS-'/' read -ra reponame <<< "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}"
# returned {username, repository}
repository-"${reponame[1]}"
```
After that, all other commands are pretty straight. Commit the added
files and push them.
3. [Dockerfile](https://github.com/avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime/blob/master/Dockerfile)
**IMPORTANT** It took a lot of time to reach this state 🥱. This is
where all the magic happens. I am running <span
class="title-ref">ubuntu:latest</span> inside the container. I first
update the distribution. Then install the required python packages.
Lastly, I invoke the python script and shell script.
There was an almost impossible problem, I searched hundreds of posts
that *how can I access the generated files inside Docker container*, but
no luck. But at last, I found a workaround(obviously otherwise you
wouldn't be reading this by now 🤣) each command is run in a separate
virtual sub-container. As the command ends its output is also lost but
not when you club multiple commands together. At least not until every
command is finished. The generated files are available to the next
clubbed process. I did that by combining the python script run and shell
script run.
```dockerfile
CMD python3 /main.py && /entrypoint.sh
```
This part is the smallest yet took the most time and tries while
developing this action.
## How to use this GitHub Actions?
1. First get your WakaTime API Key. You can get it from your
[WakaTime](<https://wakatime.com>) account settings.
2. Save WakaTime API Key to Repository Secret. Find that by clicking
the Settings tab. Keep the name of the secret as
**WAKATIME_API_KEY**.
3. Add the following line in your README.md of your repo.
```html
<img src="https://github.com/<username>/<repository-name>/blob/<branch-name>/images/stat.svg" alt="Alternative Text"/>
Example: <img src="https://github.com/avinal/avinal/blob/main/images/stat.svg" alt="Avinal WakaTime Activity"/>
```
> You can use this method to embed in web pages too. **Do not use the
> markdown method of inserting images. It does not work sometimes.**
4. Click the **Action** tab and **choose to set up a workflow
yourself**.
5. Copy the following code into the opened file, you can search for
**WakaTime Stat** in the marketplace tab for assistance.
```yaml
name: WakaTime status update
on:
schedule:
# Runs at 12 am '0 0 * * *' UTC
- cron: "1 0 * * *"
jobs:
update-readme:
name: Update the WakaTime Stat
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
# Use avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime@<latest-release-tag> for latest stable release
# Do not change the line below except the word master with tag number maybe
# If you have forked this project you can use <username>/Profile-Readme-WakaTime@master instead
- uses: avinal/Profile-Readme-WakaTime@master
with:
# WakaTime API key stored in secrets, do not directly paste it here
WAKATIME_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.WAKATIME_API_KEY }}
# Automatic github token
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
# Branch - newer GitHub repositories have "main" as default branch, change to main in that case, default is master
BRANCH: "master"
# Manual Commit messages - write your own messages here
COMMIT_MSG: "Automated Coding Activity Update :alien:"
```
6. Please wait till 12 AM UTC to run this workflow automatically. Or
you can force run it by going to the Actions tab. Or you can add the
following lines under `on:` to run with
every push. Search for 12 AM UTC to find the equivalent time in your
time zone.
```yaml
on:
push:
branches: [ master ]
schedule:
- cron: '1 0 * * *'
```
## My Coding Activity
![Avinal's GitHub stats](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/avinal/avinal/main/images/stat.svg)
content/posts/development/wsl1.md
+96
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---
category: development
date: 2020-12-31T19:07:00
description: It is real pain when you have small SSD and Windows Subsystem for Linux
(WSL) is growing exponentially in size. There is no easy way to move the WSL installation
to another drive. Here in this blog I will discuss how to tackle this problem with
bite size steps.
image: /images/windows-wsl2.webp
tags:
- wsl
- wsl2
title: Move WSL 2 Safely to another Drive
---
It is real pain when you have small SSD and Windows Subsystem for Linux
(WSL) is growing exponentially in size. There is no easy way to move the
WSL installation to another drive. Here in this blog I will discuss how
to tackle this problem with bite size steps.
1. Open a PowerShell or Command Prompt with *Admin* access. For this you can
use WinKey + X shortcut and select **Windows PowerShell(Admin)**.
2. Check if the WSL 2 installation you are planning to move is is
currently running/stopped.
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl -l -v
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal>
NAME STATE VERSION
* Ubuntu Running 2
Kali Stopped 2
```
3. If its running then you must stop the particular WSL distribution.
(*Ubuntu* used as example)
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl -t Ubuntu
```
4. Export to some folder. (Here exporting *Ubuntu* as *ubuntu-ex.tar*
to *Z:wsl2*)
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl --export Ubuntu "Z:\\export\\ubuntu-ex.tar"
```
5. Unregister previous WSL installation
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl --unregister Ubuntu
```
6. Create a new folder and import your WSL installation to that folder.
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> New-Item -Path "Z:\\wsl2" -ItemType Directory
Directory: Z:\\
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
d----- 31-12-2020 21:03 wsl2
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl --import Ubuntu "Z:\\wsl2" "Z:\\export\\ubuntu-ex.tar"
```
7. Check after import is complete
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl -l -v
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal>
NAME STATE VERSION
* Ubuntu Running 2
Kali Stopped 2
```
8. Mark one of your WSL distribution as *(default)*.
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> wsl -s Ubuntu
```
9. After exporting your default user will be set as
<i style="color:red">root</i> , to change it to your desired
username, run following command
```powershell
PS C:\\Users\\Avinal> ubuntu config --default-user user_name
```
10. Finally run `wsl` and you have successfully moved your WSL 2
installation to another drive.
## Attribution
- [Image](https://www.atwix.com/magento/magento-2-with-docker-for-windows-and-wsl-2/)